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Map of the Universe from Johns Hopkins University and others.....

Johns Hopkins University (JHU) continues to pad its space community résumé with their interactive map, “The map of the observable Universe”, that takes viewers on a 13.7-billion-year-old tour of the cosmos from the present to the moments after the Big Bang. While JHU is responsible for creating the site, additional contributions were made by NASA, the European Space Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the Sloan Foundation.

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Speculations

Europa, the icy "cue ball" moon of Jupiter, has a relatively smooth crust of ice over a watery interior ocean. Cracks in the crust are due to the tidal forces of Jupiter’s mighty gravity. Scientists believe that Europa has the right conditions for some form of life to exist there today.

Colonizing Europa (Jupiter's Moon)

Could We Colonize Europa? A dot of light. This is what Europa has been for almost four centuries: a tiny source of light, as weak as a sixth magnitude star. Nothing but the second moon in order of distance from Jupiter, and the smallest of the four discovered by Galileo in January 1610. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subscribe for more videos ► Business Enquiries ► "If You happen to see any content that is yours, and we didn't give credit in the right manner please let us know at Lorenzovareseaziendale@gmail.com and we will correct it immediately" "Some of our visual content is under an Attribution-ShareAlike license. ) in its different versions such as 1.0, 2.0, 3,0, and 4.0 – permitting commercial sharing with attribution given in each picture accordingly in the video." Credits: Mark A. Garlick / markgarlick.com Credits: Ron Miller Credits: Nasa/Shutterstock/Storyblocks/Elon Musk/SpaceX/Esa Credits: Flickr Video Chapters: 00:00 Introduction 01:01 Overview of Europa 02:41 Challenges of Colonization 04:01 Potential Resources 06:05 Technological Requirements #insanecuriosity #europa #moon

Exploring The Possibilities: Can We Colonize Europa?

984 views Premiered Apr 27, 2024 #Stargazing #Exoplanets #SpaceDiscovery Get This Video In Full 4K WEBM : Europa: Our Next Home? In this fascinating video, we delve into the intriguing concept of colonizing Europa, Jupiter's icy moon. Join us as we explore the scientific speculation surrounding this potential future endeavor, considering the challenges and possibilities that come with such a venture. Could Europa one day be humanity's new frontier? Watch till the end to uncover the exciting possibilities! Don't forget to hit the like button and share this video with fellow space enthusiasts. Remember, this exploration is purely based on scientific speculation and not established facts. #Europa #SpaceExploration #ColonizingEuropa OUTLINE: 00:00:00 Introduction to Europa 00:01:02 Exploration Missions 00:03:10 Potential for Life 00:05:09 Challenges of Colonization 00:07:30 Proposed Colonization Strategies 00:09:29 Ethical and Environmental Considerations 00:10:00 Future Outlook Music By : Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio #youtubeshorts #spaceexploration #Astronomy #Cosmos #Galaxy #Universe #Stargazing #Astrophotography #NASA #SpaceFacts #AlienWorlds #Exoplanets #SpaceDiscovery #Stars #Nebula #SpaceScience #PlanetaryExploration #CelestialWonders #SpaceHistory #BlackHoles #astrobiology Tags : Europa, Space exploration, Colonization, Extraterrestrial life, Space habitats, Planetary science, Astrobiology, Europa Clipper, Ocean worlds, Habitability, Interplanetary travel, NASA missions, Europa Lander, Subsurface oceans, Europa's ice crust, Europa's geology, Life beyond Earth, Space colonization, Europa's magnetic field, Radiation shielding. Europa's potential biosphere, Europa's atmosphere, Ice mining, Europa's exploration challenges, Europa's icy surface, Europa's interior, Europa's tidal forces, Europa's surface features, Europa's geological activity, Europa's subsurface environment, Europa's unique environment, Europa's potential for life, Europa's ice-covered oceans, Europa's water chemistry, Europa's hydrothermal vents, Europa's thermal energy, Europa's microbial life, Europa's extremophiles, Europa's ice-penetrating radar, Europa's magnetic induction, Europa's cryovolcanism, Europa's potential habitats, Europa's surface radiation, Europa's astrogeology, Europa's ice sheet dynamics, Europa's subsurface exploration, Europa's potential for human settlement, Europa's exploration missions, Europa's spacecraft technology, Europa's scientific research. Europa's astrochemistry, Europa's ice chemistry, Europa's astrobiology missions, Europa's ice plumes, Europa's cryospheric processes, Europa's geophysical characteristics, Europa's habitable zone, Europa's exploration technology, Europa's surface composition, Europa's ice-water interface, Europa's subsurface biosignatures, Europa's spacecraft instruments, Europa's Europa Ocean Explorer, Europa's autonomous exploration, Europa's Europa Subsurface Access Probe, Europa's surface morphology, Europa's habitable environments, Europa's ice crust thickness, Europa's Europa Ice Mole, Europa's Europa Lander Concept, Europa's Europa Ice Clipper, Europa's Europa Ocean Flyby, Europa's Europa Ocean Explorer Mission, Europa's Europa Subsurface Probe, Europa's Europa Surface Sample Return Mission. Europa's Europa Cryobot Europa's Europa Ocean Surveyor Europa's Europa Ice Driller Europa's Europa Submarine Europa's Europa Ice Rover Europa's Europa Ice Explorer Europa's Europa Orbiter Europa's Europa Lander Module Europa's Europa Mission Planning Europa's Europa Surface Geology Europa's Europa Geological Mapping Europa's Europa Subsurface Mapping Europa's Europa Ice-Surface Interaction Europa's Europa Seafloor Mapping Europa's Europa Oceanic Currents Europa's Europa Ocean Chemistry Europa's Europa Ice-Melt Dynamics Europa's Europa Cryochemistry Europa's Europa Cryotectonics Europa's Europa Ice Crystallography Europa's Europa Surface Topography Europa's Europa Ice-Penetrating Radar Europa's Europa Subsurface Imaging Europa's Europa Ice Sampling Europa's Europa Subsurface Analysis Transcript

Colonizing Europa: 2200 and Beyond

#NASA #SpaceExploration #FutureOfSpace By the year 2200, Europa, one of Jupiter’s most intriguing moons, could become a focal point for human colonization. Beneath its icy surface lies a vast ocean, potentially harboring life and offering water resources. Colonizing Europa would involve constructing habitats beneath the ice, tapping into geothermal energy, and developing technology to survive extreme cold and radiation. This ambitious endeavor would push the limits of space exploration, expanding humanity’s presence to the outer solar system. Hashtags: #EuropaColonization #SpaceExploration #JupiterMoons #FutureOfSpace #SpaceColonization #NASA #EuropaMission #OuterSolarSystem national aeronautics and space administration,europa,life beyond earth,space colonization,second world war,mars colonization ,anthropology,london,how salt built empires and shaped history,spacex mars landing,neolithic european,europauniversalis4, spacex mars colony plans,spacex mars colony timeline,history of europe,bronze age europe,spacex mars colony, ancient civilizations mapping,geological changes,colony,europe,amazing,trending,astro bizi


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Jupiter's Moon Europa


Fusion Reactor To Melt Through Europa's Ice [NIAC 2023]

Fraser Cain / Universe Today Podcast In this interview, I'm talking with Theresa Benyo and Lawrence Forsley from NASA. They are authors of a Lattice Confinement Fusion Reactor that got a NIAC award this year. A reactor like this could help us melt through the ice on Europa and Enceladus and have other interesting applications in space missions. The extended version also includes additional questions from Matt Williams: • [EXTENDED CUT] Fusion Reactor To Melt... Support us at:Support us at: Patreon 👉 More about the NIAC project; 00:00 Intro 02:30 How tough is Europa's ice 04:31 Lattice confinement fusion 14:43 How the probe will look like 22:54 What's next for the NIAC project 25:57 Other applications for the reactor 31:55 Where's the upper limit for the project 37:15 Going interstellar 41:10 Behind the scenes and additional questions Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: For Free 🎧 PODCASTS Universe Today: Weekly Space Hangout: / @weeklyspacehangout Astronomy Cast: 🤳 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA Fraser Cain's Twitter Universetoday's Twitter Universetoday's Facebook Universetoday's Instagram 📩 CONTACT FRASER Contact Fraser via E-Mail ⚖️ LICENSE Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

EUROPA INFO GRAPHIC

Europa

Europa’s Nightside Glows in the Dark

In a few years, NASA will be sending a spacecraft to explore Jupiter’s icy moon Europa. Known as the Europa Clipper mission, this orbiter will examine the surface more closely to search for plume activity and evidence of biosignatures. Such a find could answer the burning question of whether or not there is life within this moon, which is something scientists have speculated about since the 1970s.

Compositee image of Europa 10-2022

Artist’s concept of a Europa Clipper mission. Credit: NASA/JPL

An artist’s rendering of Europa and Jupiter based on images sent by visiting spacecraft. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Test facility designed for the Europa Clipper. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech


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EUROPA IS IT INHABITED?

EUROPA LIVING ON INFO GRAPHIC

Europa

A low flyover of Jupiter's moon Europa using recently processed data from NASA's Galileo orbiter. Uses high resolution grayscale and low resolution color images taken between 1996 and 1998. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Kevin M. Gill Music: Kevin MacLeod via YouTube.

AIt was Sparks who led the Hubble plume studies in both 2014 and 2016.

Image: These composite images show a suspected plume of material erupting two years apart from the same location on Jupiter’s icy moon Europa. The newly imaged plume, shown at right, rises about 100 kilometers above Europa’s frozen surface. The image was taken Feb. 22, 2016. The plume in the image at left, observed by Hubble on March 17, 2014, originates from the same location. It is estimated to be about 50 kilometers high. The snapshot of Europa, superimposed on the Hubble image, was assembled from data from NASA’s Galileo mission to Jupiter. Credit: NASA/ESA/W. Sparks (STScI)/USGS Astrogeology Science Center.

This composite image shows suspected plumes of water vapor erupting at the 7 o’clock position off the limb of Jupiter’s moon Europa. The Hubble data were taken on January 26, 2014.
Credit: Credits: NASA/ESA/W. Sparks (STScI)/USGS Astrogeology Science Center

Image: These images of the surface of the Jovian moon Europa, taken by NASA’s Galileo spacecraft, focus on a “region of interest” on the icy moon. The image at left traces the location of the erupting plumes of material, observed by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope in 2014 and again in 2016. The plumes are located inside the area surrounded by the green oval. The green oval also corresponds to a warm region on Europa’s surface, as identified by the temperature map at right. The map is based on observations by the Galileo spacecraft. The warmest area is colored bright red. Credit: NASA/ESA/W. Sparks (STScI)/USGS Astrogeology Science Center.

Artist's concept of a cryobot in the ocean of Jupiter's moon Europa. Image credit: NASA.

NASA's Report on a mission to Europa.

NASA's Report on the Their Mission to Europa

Radar Techniques Used in Antarctica Will Scour Europa for Life-Supporting Environments Source: University of Texas AustinPosted June 1, 2015 8:32

EUROPA Plate Tectonics


This image shows two views of the trailing hemisphere of Jupiter's ice-covered satellite, Europa.
The left image shows the approximate natural color appearance of Europa. The image on the right is a false-color
composite version combining violet, green and infrared images to enhance color differences in the predominantly water-ice crust of Europa.
This image was taken in 1996, at a range of 677,000 kilometers (417,900 miles) by the solid state imaging television camera
onboard the Galileo spacecraft during its second orbit around Jupiter.

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Europa REMASTERED!!!


NASA?s ?Remastered? View of Europa is the Best Yet by MATT WILLIAMS on NOVEMBER 21, 2014 Europa.
The cracked, icy surface of Europa. The smoothness of the surface has led many scientists to conclude that oceans exist beneath it.
Credit: NASA/JPLredit: NASA

Why NASA looks to Europa to find the building blocks of life

NASA wants to send an expedition to Jupiter's moon, Europa,
to find the ocean it believes lies under the ice -- and the building blocks for life it thinks it will find there.

Screenshot by Michelle Starr/CNET
When it comes to life, biologists have long hypothesised that its origins -- on Earth,
at least -- were in thermal vents on the ocean floor, following a period of spontaneous metabolism before life began.
Thermal vents are rich sites for marine life -- especially in Antarctica where, in the darkness under the ice,
creatures proliferate in the warm, mineral-rich waters streaming from the vents.
It's just one of several theories, but if it's correct, Jupiter's moon Europa could be a very exciting place indeed.
Ever since plumes of vapour were discovered on Jupiter's moon in December last year, NASA has been floating theories about
the oceans that may be sloshing away under the layer of surface ice -- its similarities to theories about the early Earth
look like it may have the ingredients for life.

Europa's Jupiter-Facing Hemisphere

Source Region for Possible Europa Plumes

This reprojection of the official USGS basemap of Jupiter's moon Europa is centered at the estimated source region for potential water vapor plumes that might have been detected using the Hubble Space Telescope. The view is centered at -65 degrees latitude, 183 degrees longitude.

In addition to the plume source region, the image also shows the hemisphere of Europa that might be affected by plume deposits. This map is composed of images from NASA's Galileo and Voyager missions. The black region near the south pole results from gaps in imaging coverage. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute Last Updated: May 29, 2015 Editor: Sarah Loff

NASA Gives ‘GO’ for Mission to Alien Ocean World at Jupiter Moon Europa
by KEN KREMER on JUNE 18, 2015


Artist’s concept of NASA mission streaking over ocean world of Europa. Credit: NASA/JPL

Europa’s heaving ice might make more heat than scientists thought Apr 15, 2016 - See more

JA false color image shows Europa’s surprising surface. The inset includes regions where crustal plates appear to have broken up
and rafted to new positions. NASA/JPL - See more Europa’s heaving ice might make more heat than scientists thought Apr 15, 2016 A new set of experiments sheds light on how much heat is created when ice is deformed,
which could help scientists understand the possibility of a subsurface ocean on one of Jupiter’s moons Europa’s heaving ice might make more heat than scientists thought Apr 15, 2016 A new set of experiments sheds light on how much heat is created when ice is deformed,
which could help scientists understand the possibility of a subsurface ocean on one of Jupiter’s moons.
Jupiter’s moon Europa is under a constant gravitational assault. As it orbits, Europa’s icy surface heaves
and falls with the pull of Jupiter’s gravity, creating enough heat, scientists think,
to support a global ocean beneath the moon’s solid shell.

Hubble’s Surprising Find On Europa To Be Announced By NASA Monday September 26, 2016
Published: 21 Sep , 2016 by Evan Gough

NASA will make a “surprising” announcement about Jupiter’s moon Europa on Monday, Sept. 26th, at 2:00 PM EDT.
They haven’t said much, other than there is “surprising evidence of activity that may be related to the
presence of a subsurface ocean on Europa.” Europa is a prime target for the search for life because of its subsurface ocean.

Images from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft show the intricate detail of Europa’s icy surface.
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ SETI Institute

What About A Mission To Europa?

Published on Jul 27, 2015 Europa’s water exists in a layer around the planet, encased in a layer of ice. Could there be life down there? Support us at: More stories at: Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday : Follow us on Tumblr Like us on Facebook: Google+ - Instagram - Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer Susie Murph - @susiemmurph Brian Koberlein - @briankoberlein Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com Kevin Gill - @kevinmgill Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer

This artist’s illustration shows what plumes of water vapour might look like being ejected from Europa’s south pole.
Image: NASA, ESA, L. Roth (Southwest Research Institute, USA/University of Cologne, Germany) and M. Kornmesser.

Two models of the interior of Europa. Image: NASA/JPL.

More About Europa: The Search For Life On Europa Could Center On Celestial Party-Crashers A New Image of Europa Emerges Icy Hot: Europa’s Frozen Crust Could Be Warmer Than We Thought

Hubble may have caught jets of water squirting out of a potentially habitable moon Dave Mosher,Business Insider

A plume of subsurface ocean water vapor escapes through a crack in the icy crust of Europa, a moon of Jupiter CREDIR:.NASA/ESA/K. Retherford/SWRI) Jupiter's moon Europa — a giant ice ball thought to hide twice as much liquid water as there is on Earth —
just became an even hotter target in the search for aliens. Scientists on Monday unveiled new photographs from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, and they likely show "fingers"
of water vapor squirting out of Europa's hidden ocean and into space.

(Suspected plumes of water vapor spouting out of Jupiter's moon Europa.Hubble/NASA/STScI/Business Insider) Those blotchy "dark fingers," circled in red, are the suspected plumes.

During a press teleconference on Monday, William Sparks, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute, said
"we are really working at the limits of Hubble's unique capabilities." "Trying to just image Europa with the Hubble Space Telescope clearly from Earth is challenging," Pappalardo said.
"Trying to image the [silhouette] of a plume, via the light of Jupiter, is a remarkably hard feat.
There's essentially a lot of noise in the system." NASA's press materials lean heavily on the word "if" as well (our emphasis added): "These plumes, if they do indeed exist, may provide another way to sample Europa's subsurface,"
Geoff Yoder, the associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said in the space agency's release. Another "if" regarded the moon's water-enriched atmosphere: "If there is a thin atmosphere around Europa,
it has the potential to block some of the light of Jupiter, and we could see it as a silhouette," Sparks said in the release.

The next mission to Europa

(This artist's rendering shows a concept for a future NASA mission to Europa in which a spacecraft would make multiple close flybys of the icy Jovian moon,
thought to contain a global subsurface ocean.NASA/JPL-Caltech)

Animation - Plumes on Europa

Uploaded on Sep 26, 2016 Artist’s concept: Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have imaged what may be water vapor plumes erupting off the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa. If the plumes, indeed, emerge and rain down on the surface, it may be much easier to access material that was once in the ocean of Europa. News release: Category Science & Technology License Standard YouTube License

Europa transit illustration. Europa orbits Jupiter every 3 and a half days, and on every orbit it passes in front of Jupiter,
raising the possibility of plumes being seen as silhouettes absorbing the background light of Jupiter.
Credits: A. Field (STScI)

EUROPA LANDER COULD CARRY A MICROPHONE AND “LISTEN” TO THE ICE TO FIND OUT WHAT’S UNDERNEATH

Artist's rendering of a possible Europa Lander mission, which would explore the surface of the icy moon in the coming decades. Credit:: NASA/JPL-Caltech



Image of Europa’s ice shell, taken by the Galileo spacecraft, of fractured “chaos terrain”. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Europa’s “Great Lake.” Scientists speculate many more exist throughout the shallow regions of the moon’s icy shell. Credit: Britney Schmidt/Dead Pixel FX/Univ. of Texas at Austin.

Artist’s concept of chloride salts bubbling up from Europa’s liquid ocean and reaching the frozen surface. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

NASA SIMULATION SHOWS HOW EUROPA’S “FOSSIL OCEAN” RISES TO THE SURFACE OVER TIME

This animation demonstrates how deformation in the icy surface of Europa could transport subsurface ocean water to the moon’s surface. This is just one of several simulated behaviors reported in a new study performed by scientists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The study focused on linear features called “bands” and “groove lanes” found on Jupiter’s moons Europa and Ganymede. Scientists have used the same numerical model to solve mysteries about motion in Earth’s crust. The animation is a two-dimensional simulation of a possible cross-section of a band running through Europa’s ice shell. At the extreme bottom is Europa’s ocean, and the thick white line across the top represents the moon’s surface ice. The midsection is the bulk of Europa’s ice shell, with warmer colors (red, orange, yellow) representing stronger, more rigid ice. Depth is marked on the left side of the animation while numbers on the bottom measure distance from the center of the band feature on Europa’s surface. Bands on Europa and Ganymede are typically tens of miles wide and hundreds of miles long. Numbers at the top mark the passage of time in thousands of years. As the animation runs forward, the ice shell is deformed by gravitational interactions with Jupiter. The cold, brittle ice at the surface gets pulled apart. At the same time, faults in the upper ice form, heal, and re-form (visible as diagonal yellow, green and blue lines in the upper center of the animation). The churning material that quickly fills the bottom half of the view is a collection of tiny white dots representing bits of Europa’s ocean that have been frozen into the bottom of Europa’s ice shell (i.e. where the liquid ocean is in contact with the frozen shell). In the paper, the scientists describe it as “fossil” ocean material because the bits of ocean trapped in Europa’s ice shell spend many hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of years being carried to the surface. In other words, by the time the ocean material reaches Europa’s surface where it can be analyzed by a passing spacecraft, it no longer serves as a sample of Europa’s ocean as it is in the present. Instead, the spacecraft would actually be studying Europa’s ocean as it was a million or more years ago. Hence, it is fossil ocean material. NASA’s Europa Clipper spacecraft is intended to launch in the early 2020s. The spacecraft will then orbit Jupiter and become the first spacecraft to study Europa exclusively, including the composition of the moon’s surface material. The mission will likely be able to test the model simulated above by using ice-penetrating radar to probe the moon’s bands. If Europa indeed behaves the way the simulation suggests, it might carry ocean material to the moon’s surface, where Europa Clipper would analyze it remotely using the spacecraft’s infrared and ultraviolet instruments, among others. Scientists could then study the material’s composition to consider whether Europa’s ocean might be hospitable for some form of life. Gretchen McCartney Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. 818-393-6215 gretchen.p.mccartney@jpl.nasa.gov animation credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Samuel M. Howell

Images from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft show the intricate detail of Europa’s icy surface. Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Based on new evidence from Jupiter's moon Europa, astronomers hypothesize that chloride salts bubble up from the icy moon's global liquid ocean and reach the frozen surface where they are bombarded with sulfur from volcanoes on Jupiter's innermost large moon Io. The new findings propose answers to questions that have been debated since the days of NASA's Voyager and Galileo missions. This illustration of Europa (foreground), Jupiter (right) and Io (middle) is an artist's concept. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Artist's concept of a cryobot in the ocean of Jupiter's moon Europa. Image credit: NASA.

LIFE ON EUROPA WOULD BE PROTECTED BY JUST A FEW CENTIMETERS OF ICE

Radiation from Jupiter can destroy molecules on Europa's surface. Material from Europa's ocean that ends up on the surface will be bombarded by radiation, possibly destroying any biosignatures, or chemical signs that could imply the presence of life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Artist’s concept of chloride salts bubbling up from Europa’s liquid ocean and reaching the frozen surface. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Artist’s concept of a Europa Clipper mission. Credit: NASA/JPL

A plume of subsurface ocean water vapor escapes through a crack in the icy crust of Europa, a moon of Jupiter CREDIR:.NASA/ESA/K. Retherford/SWRI) Jupiter's moon Europa — a giant ice ball thought to hide twice as much liquid water as there is on Earth —
just became an even hotter target in the search for aliens. Scientists on Monday unveiled new photographs from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, and they likely show "fingers"
of water vapor squirting out of Europa's hidden ocean and into space.



A Nuclear-Powered Tunneling Robot that Could Search for Life on Europa

The search for life has led astronomers to the icy moons in our Solar System. Among those moons, Europa has attracted a lot of attention. Europa is Jupiter’s fourth-largest moon—and the sixth-largest in the Solar System—at 3,100 kilometres (1,900 mi) in diameter. Scientists think that its oceans could contain two or three times as much water as Earth’s oceans. The only problem is, that water is hidden under a sheet of planet-wide ice that could be between 2km and 30km (1.2 miles and 18.6 miles) thick.

Two models of the interior of Europa. A tunneling robot would be able to tunnel through the ice and search for life. Image: NASA/JPL.

Reprocessed Galileo image of Europa’s frozen surface by Ted Stryk (NASA/JPL/Ted Stryk)

Images from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft show the intricate detail of Europa’s icy surface. A tunnelling robot would be just the vehicle to explore the oceans under the ice. Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ SETI Institute

Image of Europa’s ice shell, taken by the Galileo spacecraft, of fractured “chaos terrain.” A tunneling robot would likely be sent to this type of surface area. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech


Exploring The Icy Moons of Jupiter. NASA’s Europa Clipper and ESA’s JUICE

Artist’s concept of a Europa Clipper mission. Credit: NASA/JPL

Exploring The Icy Moons of Jupiter. NASA's Europa Clipper and ESA's JUICE

Mars is the place that most of our spacecraft, landers and rovers are studying, searching for any evidence that life ever existed somewhere else in the Solar System. But talk to planetary scientists, and they’re just as excited about the ocean worlds of the Solar System; the moons, asteroids, dwarf planets and Kuiper Belt objects where there could be vast oceans of liquid water under thick shells of ice. The perfect environment for life to thrive. We’ve only had tantalizing hints that these oceans are there, but NASA is building a spacecraft that will study one of these worlds in detail: the Europa Clipper. And they’re not the only ones. The European Space Agency is building their own mission, the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer. Our Book is out! Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: Support us at:Support us at: Follow us on Tumblr: More stories at Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: Instagram - Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com /Karla Thompson - @karlaii Chad Weber - Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: Evidence for an Ocean on Europa Solar System Exploration NASA Mission Named 'Europa Clipper' Europa Instruments Europa or Enceladus? If NASA switches from SLS to Falcon Heavy, it won’t have to choose Old Data Reveal New Evidence of Europa Plumes Full Congreessional Report (PDF) Without a champion, Europa lander falls to NASA’s back burner NASA’S EUROPA LANDER MAY BE IN JEOPARDY AFTER THE MIDTERMS — AND SOME ARE FINE WITH SEEING IT GO Without Culberson, the lander no longer has its champion 50-foot ice spikes may dot Europa's surface JUICE ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT (YELLOW BOOK) Juice Science objectives Ganymede ARIANESPACE AND ESA ANNOUNCE JUPITER ICY MOONS EXPLORER LAUNCH CONTRACT

NASA's largest-ever planetary spacecraft is due to launch next month (10-2024)

#NextSpace The spacecraft is approximately 5 m tall and measures over 30.5 m in width with its arrays fully extended. READ MORE : Euronews Next is a future-focused news section covering global innovation, science and technology with a European perspective. Our dedicated team of journalists aims to educate and inspire today’s leaders by providing them with analysis and insights into the people and organisations shaping our future

Artist impression of Pioneer 10 at Jupiter. Image credit: NASA/JPL

Images from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft show the intricate detail of Europa’s icy surface. Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Artist’s impression of Europa’s interior, based on data obtained by Galileo space probes Credit: NASA

Test facility designed for the Europa Clipper. Credit: NASA/Langley

Graphic shows all the dome, barrel, ring and engine components used to assemble the five major structures of the core stage of NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) in Block 1 configuration. Credits: NASA/MSFC

Illustration of Jupiter and Europa with the measurements made by Galileo as it passed through the plume. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Michigan

Re-analyzing Old Data Reveals New Evidence at Europa

New science, mined from the archives. Data from NASA Galileo orbiter launched a generation ago yields new evidence of plumes, eruptions of water vapor, from Jupiter's moon Europa.

Artist’s rendering of a possible Europa Lander mission, which would explore the surface of the icy moon in the coming decades. Credit:: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Artist’s impression of the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) near Jupiter and one of its moons, Europa. Credit: ESA/AOES

This artist’s concept of Jupiter’s moon Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system, illustrates the club sandwich model of its interior oceans. Credit: NASA/JPL

Europa Clipper Mission Logo

Europa Geology & What it Means for Life on Europa w/Dr. Erin Leonard | GEO GIRL

Watch Europa Clipper launch live on NASA's channel! - References & Resources: NASA Europa facts page:A> NASA Europa Clipper Science page: NASA Europa Clipper main mission page: NASA Europa Team page: NASA Mission Info page (Discovery vs New Frontiers vs Flagship): Leonard et al., 2024 (First USGS Global Geologic Map of Europa!): Images of Clipper at KSC: Great images of Europa’s chaos terrain and bands: Carr et al., 1998: Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa- An amazing paper that Dr. Leonard is a co-author on all about the Geology Europa Clipper will do (w/amazing figures too)! Daubar et al., 2024 - Video Chapters: 0:00 Intro to Topic & Interviewee 2:06 What is Europa & Why Do We Care? 2:50 Why do we care about Geology on Europa? 3:53 How is Europa Heated? 5:35 First Global Geologic Map! 6:18 Diversity of Materials on Europa 7:48 Are there mid ocean ridges on Europa? 8:22 Ice Plate Tectonics on Europa? 9:29 Common Geologic Structures on Europa 10:40 How These Structures Form 11:35 'Chaos' on Europa? 13:48 Is Europa's Ice Shell Rotating Independently of its Core? 17:33 Age of Europa's Surface 18:38 Does Europa have Plumes? 20:26 What Europa Clipper Might Discover! Explore geology deeper with CampGeo – podcast-like conversation with visuals that bring geological concepts to life! Check it out here: GEO GIRL Website: (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, & donate to support the channel if you'd like!) Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below!

What the Europa Clipper Mission Might Discover at Europa! w/Dr. Erin Leonard & ‪@GEOGIRL‬

Watch Europa Clipper launch live on NASA's channel! - References & Resources: NASA Europa facts page:A> NASA Europa Clipper Science page: NASA Europa Clipper main mission page: NASA Europa Team page: NASA Mission Info page (Discovery vs New Frontiers vs Flagship): Leonard et al., 2024 (First USGS Global Geologic Map of Europa!): Images of Clipper at KSC: Great images of Europa’s chaos terrain and bands: Carr et al., 1998: Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa- An amazing paper that Dr. Leonard is a co-author on all about the Geology Europa Clipper will do (w/amazing figures too)! Daubar et al., 2024 - Video Chapters: 0:00 Intro- What is Europa Clipper? 1:02 Check out Part 1 on Europa Geology! 2:05 Dr. Leonard's Role on Europa Clipper Team 3:25 What is Europa & Why Are We Going There? 4:05 Why Flyby rather than Orbit or Land? 5:40 Radiation Shielding on Clipper 7:08 Why a Flagship Mission? 8:32 Science Goals of the Mission 9:13 Investigating if Europa is Habitable 10:55 Are we going to drill into its ocean? 11:35 What kind of life might be on Europa? 13:40 Europa life vs Earth life origins 14:28 Instruments on Europa Clipper 17:38 How gravity tells us about Europa's Interior 19:13 Will we fly through any plumes? 20:19 JUICE Clipper Collaborations! 22:27 Mission Timeline! 24:50 Where to follow along!

Go Clipper



Blastoff! SpaceX Falcon Heavy launches Europa Clipper to Jupiter's ocean moon

A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket launched NASA's Europa Clipper from Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center near Cape Canaveral, Florida.on Oct. 14, 2024 at 12:06 p.m. EDT (1606 GMT).

Astrobiology Europa Clipper

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Water Vapor Was Just Found on Europa, More Evidence There’s Liquid Water Beneath All that Ice

What’s been long-suspected has now been confirmed: Jupiter’s moon Europa has water. As we’ve learned more about the outer Solar System in recent years, Europa has become a high-priority target in the search for life. With this discovery, NASA has just painted a big red bulls-eye on Jupiter’s smallest Galilean moon.

Scientists have found evidence of plate tectonics on Jupiter’s moon Europa. This conceptual illustration of the subduction process (where one plate is forced under another) shows how a cold, brittle, outer portion of Europa’s 20-30 kilometer-thick (roughly 10-20 mile) ice shell moved into the warmer shell interior and was ultimately subsumed. A low-relief subsumption band was created at the surface in the overriding plate, alongside which cryolavas may have erupted. Image credit: Noah Kroese, I.NK

Artist’s impression of Europa’s interior, based on data obtained by Galileo space probes Credit: NASA

This composite image shows suspected plumes of water vapour erupting at the 7 o’clock position off the limb of Jupiter’s moon Europa. The plumes, photographed by Hubble’s Imaging Spectrograph, were seen in silhouette as the moon passed in front of Jupiter. Hubble’s ultraviolet sensitivity allowed for the features, rising over 160 kilometres above Europa’s icy surface, to be discerned. The water is believed to come from a subsurface ocean on Europa. The Hubble data were taken on January 26, 2014. The image of Europa, superimposed on the Hubble data, is assembled from data from the Galileo and Voyager missions. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, W. Sparks (STScI), and the USGS Astrogeology Science Center

This artist’s illustration shows what plumes of water vapour might look like being ejected from Europa’s south pole. Image: NASA, ESA, L. Roth (Southwest Research Institute, USA/University of Cologne, Germany) and M. Kornmesser.

Water molecules emit specific frequencies of infrared light as they interact with solar radiation. Credits: Michael Lentz/NASA Goddard

Artist’s rendering of a possible Europa Lander mission, which would explore the surface of the icy moon in the coming decades. Credit:: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Water Vapor Plumes on Europa

What makes Jupiter's moon Europa so alluring is the possibility that it may possess all the ingredients necessary for life. Scientists have evidence that one of these ingredients, liquid water, is present under the icy surface and may sometimes erupt into space in huge geysers. However, no one has been able to confirm the presence of water in these plumes by direct measurement of the water molecule itself. Now, an international research team led out of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland has detected the water vapor for the first time above Europa's surface. The team measured the vapor by peering at Europa through one of the world's biggest telescopes in Hawaii. Confirming that water vapor is present above Europa helps scientists better understand the inner workings of the moon. Science Paper: Read more: Video Credits: Produced and Edited by: David Ladd (USRA/NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center) Animations by: NASA’s Conceptual Image Lab - Michael Lentz (USRA), Walt Feimer (KBRwyle), Bailee DesRocher (USRA) & NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lead Scientist: Lucas Paganini Music provided by Killer Tracks: "Cross the Line" - Wally Gagel & Xandy Barry Keck Observatory visuals provided by: Sean Goebel/W. M. Keck Observatory View the Spanish Language version of this video: This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/David Ladd If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center Instagram Twitter Twitter Facebook: Flickr


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If There are Water Plumes on Europa, Here’s how Europa Clipper Will Study Them

Left -Jupiter’s moon Europa, taken on March 2, 1979, by NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft. Middle – Europa, taken by NASA’s Voyager 2 spacecraft on July 9, 1979. Right – a view of Europa made from images taken by NASA’s Galileo spacecraft in the late 1990s. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.

A composite image showing suspected plumes of water vapor erupting from Europa. The image of the plume was made from data collected by NASA’s Hubble’s Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph in 2014. The image of Europa itself is made from data from NASA’s Galileo and Voyager missions. Credit: NASA/ESA/W. Sparks (STScI)/USGS Astrogeology Science Center.


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Europa Could be Pulling Oxygen Down Below the Ice to Feed Life

Jupiter’s moon Europa is a prime candidate in the search for life. The frozen moon has a subsurface ocean, and evidence indicates it’s warm, salty, and rich in life-enabling chemistry. New research shows that the moon is pulling oxygen down below its icy shell, where it could be feeding simple life.

When charged particles strike Europa’s surface, they split water molecules apart. The lighter hydrogen floats away into space, but the oxygen stays behind. If the oxygen somehow makes its way to the ocean, it could provide chemical energy for microbial life. Image Credit: NASA

Image of Europa’s ice shell, taken by the Galileo spacecraft, of fractured “chaos terrain.” Saltwater pools below chaos terrain may be transporting oxygen to the moon’s ocean. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltec

This figure from the study shows how oxidants are generated and distributed in Europa’s surface ice. Radiolysis sputters H2O into H2 and O, with O recombining into O2. Some of the O2 is released into the moon’s atmosphere, but most of it returns to the icy regolith and is trapped in bubbles. The bubbles are the dominant near-surface reservoir for oxidants. Over thousands of years, the bubbles can make their way down to the ocean. Image Credit: Hesse et al. 2022.

The physics-based model built by the researchers shows a porosity wave (spherical shape) carrying brine and oxygen at Europa’s surface through the moon’s ice shell to the liquid water ocean below. The chart shows time (in thousands of years) and ice shell depth (in kilometres). Red indicates higher levels of oxygen. Blue represents lower levels of oxygen. Credit: Hesse et al. 2022

This illustration shows how volcanism in Europa’s interior might work to maintain a liquid ocean. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Michael Carroll

Artist’s impression of a hypothetical ocean cryobot (a robot capable of penetrating water ice) in Europa. Credit: NASA


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Is Euopa Whistling????

These signals were recorded by the Voyager 1 plasma wave instrument as the spacecraft flew past Jupiter on March 5, 1979. Jovian whistler waves propagate at audio frequencies along closed field lines in Jupiter's magnetosphere. Like Earth whistlers, the higher frequency components of the Jovian whistler propagate faster than the lower frequency components, resulting in a descending whistling tone. Also like Earth whistlers, Jovian whistlers are generated by lightning discharges in the atmosphere. It was the detection of these signals that provided the first indirect evidence of lightning on the giant planet. The video shows a spectrogram with time along the horizontal axis, frequency on the vertical axis, and color-coded amplitude with weak signals blue and strong signals red. A moving cursor shows the time of the corresponding audio. For more information on the Voyager project: This is a sample from the collection of Prof Don Gurnett's favorite space audio recordings available from: For similar videos:




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NASA’s Juno To Skim the Surface of Jupiter’s Icy Moon Europa

Jupiter’s moon Europa taken by the Juno spacecraft’s JunoCam on October 16, 2021, from approximately 82,000 kilometers (51,000 miles). (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Southwest Research Institute/Malin Space Science

False color mosaic of Europa taken by the Galileo spacecraft during its first and fourteenth orbits in the Jupiter system, in 1995 and 1998, respectively. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute)

Artist’s rendition of Europa Clipper above Jupiter’s moon Europa. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)



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Mysterious Europa Gets an Extreme Closeup From NASA’s Juno Probe

The ridges and troughs on Europa stand out in an image from NASA's Juno orbiter. (NASA / JPL-Caltech / SwRI / MSSS / Björn Jónsson)

This image from NASA’s Juno spacecraft shows an area of Europa’s surface north of the equator. The prominent pit seen in the lower half of the image might be a degraded impact crater. (NASA / JPL-Caltech / SwRI / MSSS)


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If We’re Going to Get Under the Ice on Europa, How Will We Send a Signal Back to the Surface?

Artist’s rendering of the Europa “tunnelbot.” (Credit: Alexander Pawlusik, LERCIP Internship Program NASA Glenn Research Center)

Jupiter’s Europa (l) and Saturn’s Enceladus (r). Both moons have icy shells with oceans underneath, and scientists think that Europa has more water than all of Earth’s oceans combined, and it’s likely warm and salty. Missions to study Europa are in the planning stages. Image Credits: NASA

Artist’s concept of the cross-sectional view of Europa depicting the exciting, potentially habitable environment of the ocean world (Credit: K. Hand et al./NASA/JPL)

This figure illustrates the tether design and the test bed used to simulate Europa’s unique conditions. (a) shows the test rig, and the red outlined area is shown in (b). (c) is a schematic of one of the two fibre optic cables tested, called a Linden Photonics High Strength Strong Tether Fibre Optic Cable. Image Credit: NASA/STI

This graphic shows the test results for the two tethers: the Strong Tether Fiber Optic Cable (STFOC) and the HS-STFOC. Both cables are used in ocean submersibles. Image Credit: NASA/STI

NASA’s been wondering about a mission to Europa for many years. The JIMO Europa Lander idea is from the early 2000s and featured a lander with a 30-day mission. While a tunnelling cryobot mission is what everyone wants to see, a preliminary lander mission is a likely first step. Image Credit: By Jet Propulsion Laboratory – Small RPS-Enabled Europa Lander Mission,, Public Domain (from wikipedia)


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NASA's Europa Clipper Mission

NASA's Europa Clipper page

NASA Science Live: Could Jupiter's Moon Europa Support Life?

#AskNASA #EuropaClipper #NASA Join mission experts as they discuss NASA’s Europa Clipper mission to an ocean moon of Jupiter and answer your questions live. Submit questions in the chat using #AskNASA. Clipper is set to launch on a journey to discover the secrets hidden under this moon's icy crust. Does Europa have conditions to support life? Europa Clipper is set to launch in October 2024 from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It will arrive at Jupiter in 2030. Learn more about the mission: Credit: NASA #EuropaClipper #AskNASA #NASA Transcript

The Europa Clipper: A Voyage to the Waters Above

The Europa Clipper is soon to launch, and will soon be in place to find another abode of life in the Solar System Me on Patreon: / parallaxnick Note: Because the history of this journey hasn't been written, this episode relied excessively on one source: "The Mission: A True Story" by David W. Brown. Because it was published in 2021, I'm still a bit sketchy on the years between then and now. 0:00 Intro 5:28 Europa Orbiter 7:41 JIMO 9:03 Mars Ho! 10:36 Jupiter Europa Explorer 16:30 Stern Retern 19:08 Laying foundations 21:44 Rock bottom 25:00 The Clipper 27:32 Keeping the spark alight 29:06 The plumes 31:00 The meeting 33:07 The presentation 34:00 An obligatory crisis 35:35 The mission 36:25 Future dreams 36:16 Credits

NASA's Europa Page

Europa Clipper: Exploring Jupiter’s Ocean Moon (Mission Overview)

NASA’s Europa Clipper is the first mission dedicated to studying Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, one of the most promising places in our solar system to find an environment suitable for life outside of Earth. Evidence suggests that beneath Europa’s frozen surface is a global ocean of water, and scientists want to find out if there’s also the right chemistry and energy to sustain life. Europa Clipper is equipped with nine instruments and a gravity experiment. It will orbit Jupiter and make 49 flybys of Europa, gathering data to help scientists understand the moon’s geology, composition, and interior. While not a life-detection mission, Europa Clipper will answer key questions about the moon’s potential habitability. Europa Clipper is expected to launch in October 2024 from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida and arrive at Jupiter in 2030. For more information on the mission go to: Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/KSC/APL

Live From the Clean Room - Building Europa Clipper

Watch live as NASA's next outer solar system mission, Europa Clipper, is built and tested in the Spacecraft Assembly Facility at the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. NASA's Europa Clipper mission will perform dozens of close flybys of Jupiter’s moon Europa, gathering detailed measurements to investigate whether the moon could have conditions suitable for life. More about the mission and what we hope to learn about this intriguing world: EuropUp Close An In depth at Jupiter's Icy Moon and Europa Clipper plans for investigation You are viewing activities in High Bay 1, a clean room at JPL. You can see what the completed spacecraft will look like using this 3D model For more about the mission, visit To learn more about the spacecraft’s assembly, visit All chats are moderated. Inappropriate language or posts that harass other individuals will be removed. - Use respectful language - Protect your private information - No spam, sexually explicit or discriminatory material - Stay on topic

Spacecraft Makers: Simulating Space to Test Europa Clipper

How did the team working on NASA’s Europa Clipper spacecraft test whether the spacecraft will work properly in outer space? They put the spacecraft in a special chamber that mimics the kind of sunlight and airless environment the spacecraft will experience when it’s in outer space. In this video, Tony Licari - a mechanical systems engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California - shows how the team moved the main body of the largest spacecraft NASA has ever built for a planetary mission into JPL's historic 85-foot-tall, 25-foot-wide (26-meter-by-8-meter) thermal vacuum chamber.Inside the chamber, the team simulated the kinds of conditions the spacecraft will experience while flying through space, and practiced deploying instruments. Europa Clipper successfully completed those tests in March 2024. Spacecraft Makers is a video series that takes audiences behind the scenes to learn more about how space missions, like Europa Clipper, come together. Europa Clipper will explore Jupiter’s icy moon Europa to see if there are conditions suitable for life. The spacecraft needs to be hardy enough to survive a 1.6 billion-mile, six-year journey to Jupiter, and sophisticated enough to perform a detailed science investigation of Europa once it arrives at the Jupiter system in 2030. Europa Clipper is expected to launch in October 2024 from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. For more information on the mission go to: Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech #Europa #EuropaClipper #NASA

Europa Clipper Astrobiology Probe Arrives At Kennedy Space Center

SpaceX's Falcon Heavy Is About To Launch A $5 Billion Spacecraft!

Over the past few years, SpaceX has been launching both the Falcon 9 and Heavy nearly constantly and is responsible for a majority of the payload mass sent into space. While the Falcon 9’s payloads usually consist of Starlink satellites or rideshare missions, Falcon Heavy is often reserved for large single spacecraft. These are usually either from contracts with the military or NASA experiments that have been decades in the making. Just yesterday we got the first good look at one of the heavy lift launch vehicle’s upcoming payloads, and it costs around $5 billion. Here I will go more in-depth into this mission, spacecraft progress, work toward vehicle integration, and more. Full article here For more space-related content check out - Credit: SpaceX NASA - / @nasa Chapters: 0:00 - Intro 0:34 - From SLS to Falcon Heavy 3:52 - More Falcon Heavy Missions

A Closer Look At Falcon Heavy’s Most Expensive Payload Yet

We now are just over a month away from the launch of a single spacecraft worth around $5 billion. Over the last decade, this spacecraft, named Europa Clipper, has been undergoing development, testing, and now final preparations. The vehicle tasked with integrating and launching this payload is SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy rocket. Considering both its size and the distant destination of Jupiter, they needed a vehicle with immense power along with some unique characteristics. Here I will go more in-depth into the spacecraft itself, general mission progress, what to expect in the coming weeks, and more. Full article here - A Closer Look At Falcon Heavy’s Most Expensive Payload Yet For more space-related content check out Credit: Credit: SpaceX NASA - / @nasa Chapters: 0:00 - Intro 0:30 - An Important Payload 3:38 - Radiation Concerns

A Closer Look At Falcon Heavy’s Most Expensive Payload Yet

Science Overview of the Europa Clipper Astrobiology Mission

Europa up Close An In depth at Jupiter's Icy Moon and Europa Clipper plans for investigation

You can see what the completed spacecraft will look like using this 3D model

For more about the mission, visit

To learn more about the spacecraft’s assembly, visit

NASA's Euopa Clipper mission

Europa Clipper: NASA’s Incredible Hunt for Alien Life

Set to launch in 2024, Europa Clipper is one of the biggest, most-complex craft NASA has ever designed. Larger than a basketball court, and equipped with nine cutting-edge instruments, it’s going to try to answer one of the most-profound questions of all - Are we alone in the universe? Got a beard? Good. I've got something for you: Love content? Check out Simon's other YouTube Channels: Biographics: Geographics: Warographics: SideProjects: Into The Shadows: TopTenz: Today I Found Out: Highlight History: Business Blaze Casual Criminalist: Decoding the Unknown:

NASA Reveals First Real Images of Europa

Something many people don't know is that most of the water outside of Earth is found on moons beyond Jupiter. NASA reveals first real images of Europa and they prove that Jupiter's moon Europa is home to a massive ocean of salt water and possibly life. You may already know the moon Europa from a popular computer game, and now we'll show you why that computer game might be right!

Micro-Swimmers: Hunting Alien Life with Robot Submarines

Check out Squarespace:for 10% off on your first purchase. : Got a beard? Good. I've got something for you Simon's Social Media: Twitter: Instagram: This video is #sponsored by Sheath. Love content? Check out Simon's other YouTube Channels: Biographics: Geographics: Warographics: SideProjects: Into The Shadows: TopTenz: Today I Found Out: Highlight History: Business Blaze Casual Criminalist: Decoding the Unknown:

SpaceX Ditched an Entire Falcon Heavy To Launch NASA's Massive Probe To Europa!

NASA's Europa Clipper mission will be the largest spacecraft ever to go into deep space. The 6 ton spacecraft will eventually arrive at Jupiter in 2030 and will make multiple flypasts of Europa, Jupiter's second moon, which is believed to have a substantial sub-surface ocean, warmed by tidal heating from the giant planet. This mission will spend years using its instruments to give us a better understanding of Jupiter's icy moons, which may sustain a complex chemical system in their oceans, and perhaps complex enough to support abiogenesis - that is, the formation of life. While the probe is unlikely to be able to provide definitive proof of this, it will absolutely give the world the best look yet at a world which may have all the right ingredients for this. Follow me on Twitter for more updates:/ djsnm I have a discord server where I regularly turn up: / discord If you really like what I do you can support me directly through Patreon / scottmanley


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Oceanography Of Ice-Covered Moons


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Juno Measures How Much Oxygen is Being Produced by Europa

This view of Jupiter’s icy moon Europa was captured by the JunoCam imager aboard NASA’s Juno spacecraft during the mission’s close flyby on Sept. 29, 2022. Image data: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS Image processing: Kevin M. Gill CC BY 3.0

An unending stream of charged particles from Jupiter strikes Europa’s icy surface, splitting frozen water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen molecules. This has been going on for billions of years. If some of that oxygen has worked its way into the moon’s subsurface ocean, then it boosts the chances that life could exist there. NASA/JPL-Caltech/SWRI/PU

When charged particles strike Europa’s surface, they split water molecules apart. The lighter hydrogen floats away into space, but the oxygen stays behind. If the oxygen somehow makes its way to the ocean, it could provide chemical energy for microbial life. Image Credit: NASA

Image of Europa’s ice shell, taken by the Galileo spacecraft, of fractured “chaos terrain.” In this terrain, cracks, ridges, and plains are all jumbled together. Scientists think that this terrain allows surface oxygen to penetrate the ice and make its way into the subsurface ocean. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

This figure from the 2022 research helps explain how oxygen could make it through the ice and into Europa’s ocean. Some of the O2 is released into the moon’s atmosphere, but most of it returns to the icy regolith and is trapped in bubbles. The bubbles are the dominant near-surface reservoir for oxidants. Over thousands of years, the bubbles can make their way down to the ocean. Image Credit: Hesse et al. 2022.

This figure from the research illustrates Juno’s path through Europa’s torus during the spacecraft’s extended mission. The inset diagram shows how charged particles split H2O molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen escapes into space, but the heavier oxygen sinks back to the surface. Image Credit: Szalay et al. 2024.


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ARTICLES

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Europa’s Nightside Glows in the Dark


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Saltwater Similar to the Earth’s Oceans has been Seen on Europa. Another Good Reason Why We Really Need to Visit This Place

Research Paper


A measurement of water vapour amid a largely quiescent environment on Europa

Previous investigations proved the existence of local density enhancements in Europa’s atmosphere, advancing the idea of a possible origination from water plumes. These measurement strategies, however, were sensitive either to total absorption or atomic emissions, which limited the ability to assess the water content. Here we present direct searches for water vapour on Europa spanning dates from February 2016 to May 2017 with the Keck Observatory. Our global survey at infrared wavelengths resulted in non-detections on 16 out of 17 dates, with upper limits below the water abundances inferred from previous estimates. On one date (26 April 2016) we measured 2,095 ± 658 tonnes of water vapour a t Europa’s leading hemisphere. We suggest that the outgassing of water vapour on Europa occurs at lower levels than previously estimated, with only rare localized events of stronger activity


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If There are Water Plumes on Europa, Here’s how Europa Clipper Will Study Them

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Europa Could be Pulling Oxygen Down Below the Ice to Feed Life

If There are Water Plumes on Europa, Here’s how Europa Clipper Will Study Them

Universe Today's CATEGORY: CHEMISTRY

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NASA’s Juno To Skim the Surface of Jupiter’s Icy Moon Europa

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Mysterious Europa Gets an Extreme Closeup From NASA’s Juno Probe



Welcome to Jupiter – NASA’s Juno Achieves Orbit around ‘King of the Planets’



Finally! New Pictures of Ganymede, Thanks to Juno



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If We’re Going to Get Under the Ice on Europa, How Will We Send a Signal Back to the Surface?

A Swarm of Swimming Robots to Search for Life Under the Ice on Europa

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ASTROBIOLOGY (GENERAL)

Influence of the Weak Nuclear Force on Metal-Promoted Autocatalytic Strecker Synthesis of Amino Acids: Formation of a Chiral Pool of Precursors for Prebiotic Peptide and Protein Synthesis

EXOPLANETS & EXOMOONS Hydrogenated Atmospheres Of Lava Planets: Atmospheric Structure And Emission Spectra

Offworld Genomics Research: Expanding The Genes in Space™ Toolkit On The International Space Station

Deciding Technosignature Search Strategies: Multi-criteria Fuzzy Logic To Find Extraterrestrial Intelligence

GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS, & CELL BIOLOGY Offworld Genomics Research: Expanding The Genes in Space™ Toolkit On The International Space Station

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Juno Measures How Much Oxygen is Being Produced by Europa

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VIDEOS

The Lure of Europa - Featuring Bill Nye and special guests


Published on Aug 4, 2014 Europa is a moon of Jupiter that may have three crucial ingredients for life: liquid water, energy, and nutrients. What, if anything, can be found in the great oceans of Europa? Could NASA look for life? How could we explore affordably? Bill Nye The Science Guy, eminent NASA scientists, and prominent legislators examined just these questions in a public event inside the halls of Congress. This was recorded live on July 15th, 2014. Recorded by Tushar Dayal. Speakers (in order of appearance): * Casey Dreier (Director of Advocacy for The Planetary Society and event emcee) * Rep. Lamar Smith (Chairman, House Science Committee; Texas 21st District) * Rep. John Culberson (Texas 7th District) * Rep. Adam Schiff (California 21st District) * Dr. Ellen Stofan (Chief Scientist, NASA) * Dr. Robert Pappalardo (Europa Study Scientist, JPL) * Bill Nye, The Science Guy (CEO of The Planetary Society)

Europa: Ocean World


Published on Nov 21, 2014 Scientists believe there is an ocean hidden beneath the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa. NASA-JPL astrobiologist Kevin Hand explains why scientists are so excited about the potential of this ice-covered world to answer one of humanity's most profound questions

NASA 360 Talks - Alien Ocean

Published on Nov 13, 2015 Could life exist on Europa? It may sound farfetched, but this Jovian moon is the most likely place to find life in our solar system thanks to an enormous underground ocean positioned just beneath its icy surface. Watch as Robert Pappalardo, Europa Project Scientist at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, discusses Europa, its potential for life, and the upcoming mission that is being planned to visit this compelling moon. This video was developed from a live recording at the AIAA SPACE 2015 conference in September 2015. To watch the full talk given at the conference click here Category People & Blogs License Standard YouTube License

Searching for Life on Europa? Going Under the Ice

We’re now learning that icy worlds seem to be the best places in Solar System where life could be hiding. Worlds like Europa and Enceladus, which have vast oceans of liquid water beneath a shell of water ice. And just in the last year, astrobiologists announced that hardy forms of Earth life should be able to thrive in these oceans, feeding off hydrogen gas emanating from deep sea vents. Clearly we need to explore these worlds, to go deep down beneath the ice to explore the ocean depths. But how do you drill through kilometers of ice to reach it? Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: Support us at: More stories at: Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: Google+ - Instagram - Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com @karlaii /Karla Thompson - Chad Weber - Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References: EUROPA EXPLORATION OF UNDER-ICE REGIONS WITH
OCEAN PROFILING AGENTS (PDF)
Exploration of Under-Ice Regions with Ocean Profiling Agents (EUROPA) APL-UW ICE DIVER A THERMAL ICE PENETRATOR Gladius Submersible Underwater Drone
The most affordable, easy to use underwater photography drone w 4k camera, 100m depth & 500m range.
UNDERWATER GLIDERS: DYNAMICS, CONTROL AND DESIGN Joshua Grady Graver Underwater Gliders: A Review

Enabling Onboard Detection of Events of Scientific Interest for the Europa Clipper Spacecraft

Authors: Kiri Wagstaff, Gary Doran, Ashley Davies, Saadat Anwar, Srija Chakraborty, Marissa Cameron, Ingrid Daubar and Cynthia Phillips More on Category People & Blogs Music in this video Learn more Listen ad-free with YouTube Premium Song BER1277_71 - Clediss-14494 Artist Thomas Stempfle, GEMA|Tom Sue, GEMA Album BER1277Intense Electronica 3 Licensed to YouTube by AdRev for a 3rd Party (on behalf of Berlin Production Music|Ed.Berlin Production Music/Universal Production Music GmbH, GEMA|Killer Tracks (UPPM)); AdRev Publishing

Alien Ocean: NASA’s Mission to Europa

Could a liquid water ocean beneath the surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa have the ingredients to support life? Here's how NASA's mission to Europa would find out.

Plumes of Water Vapor Detected on Europa with Dr. Lucas Paganini

Searching for Life on Europa? Going Under the Ice

We’re now learning that icy worlds seem to be the best places in Solar System where life could be hiding. Worlds like Europa and Enceladus, which have vast oceans of liquid water beneath a shell of water ice. And just in the last year, astrobiologists announced that hardy forms of Earth life should be able to thrive in these oceans, feeding off hydrogen gas emanating from deep sea vents. Clearly we need to explore these worlds, to go deep down beneath the ice to explore the ocean depths. But how do you drill through kilometers of ice to reach it? Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: Support us at:Support us at: Follow us on Tumblr: More stories at Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: Instagram - Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain/ Karla Thompson - @karlaii / Chad Weber - Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001 References:

NASA REPORT ON EXPLORING EUROPA UNDER ICE (PDF)

Exploration under ice europa Applied Physics Lab Under water diver project Gladius Submersible Underwater Drone The most affordable, easy to use underwater photography drone w 4k camera, 100m depth & 500m range. The Leonard lab Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineeri uploaded by Muhammad Yasar Javaid

Dr. Lucas Paganini and a team of NASA scientists have used Keck observatory to confirm the detection of water vapor on the Jupiter moon Europa. NASA Scientists Confirm Water Vapor on Europa Want to support the channel? Patreon: Follow us at other places! Website: Twitter: Instagram: Music featured on Event Horizon

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Stellar Drone Miguel Johnson Leero Severe Aeri Umambient


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Flat ARTICLES


Saltwater Similar to the Earth’s Oceans has been Seen on Europa.
Another Good Reason Why We Really Need to Visit This Place


Research Paper


A measurement of water vapour amid a largely quiescent environment on Europa

Previous investigations proved the existence of local density enhancements in Europa’s atmosphere, advancing the idea of a possible origination from water plumes. These measurement strategies, however, were sensitive either to total absorption or atomic emissions, which limited the ability to assess the water content. Here we present direct searches for water vapour on Europa spanning dates from February 2016 to May 2017 with the Keck Observatory. Our global survey at infrared wavelengths resulted in non-detections on 16 out of 17 dates, with upper limits below the water abundances inferred from previous estimates. On one date (26 April 2016) we measured 2,095 ± 658 tonnes of water vapour a t Europa’s leading hemisphere. We suggest that the outgassing of water vapour on Europa occurs at lower levels than previously estimated, with only rare localized events of stronger activity

Sharpest Earth-based Images Of Europa and Ganymede Reveal Their Icy Landscapes

Flat ARTICLES from Centauri Dreams

Europa’s Patchy Plate Tectonics


Oceanic Surprise: Pushing Europa’s Ice


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PDF Articles

STI Paper for the 53rd LPS Conference

Information on STI Paper for the 53rd LPS Conference (PDF)

NASA REPORT ON EXPLORING EUROPA UNDER ICE (PDF)

Science Overview of the Europa Clipper Mission

Information on The Science Overview of the Europa Clipper Mission (article from Springer Link)


The Physical Oceanography of Ice-Covered Moons

Information on The Physical Oceanography of Ice-Covered Moons (PDF)

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VIDEOS

The Past And The Future Of Europa

In this video I piece together a plausible timeline of Europa's distant past and future. Intro, outro and many other clips in this video were made with Space Engine. Music: 1. Kevin MacLeod - Ossuary 5 Rest 2. Kevin MacLeod - Ossuary 6 Air 3. Kevin MacLeod - Ossuary 1 A Beginning 4. Kevin MacLeod - Metaphysik 5. Kevin MacLeod - Crypto 6. Huma Huma - Nevada City

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EuropUp Close An In depth at Jupiter's Icy Moon and Europa Clipper plans for investigation

You can see what the completed spacecraft will look like using this 3D model

For more about the mission, visit

To learn more about the spacecraft’s assembly, visit

NASA's Europa Page



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