Johns Hopkins University (JHU) continues to pad its space community résumé with their interactive map, “The map of the observable Universe”, that takes viewers on a 13.7-billion-year-old tour of the cosmos from the present to the moments after the Big Bang. While JHU is responsible for creating the site, additional contributions were made by NASA, the European Space Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the Sloan Foundation.
Today we will begin our look at the spaceships we might use for colonizing interstellar space in the future. In order to cover the vast distances between even the nearest stars in our galaxy within the boundaries of known physics, we need vessels able to voyage at high speeds for very long periods of time while carrying everything they need to colonize another solar system, a concept typically known as a space ark or generation ship. We will explore the challenges and options for such a vessel, as well as some alternative approaches to the problem. Use my link or text "ISAAC" to 500-500 to get a free book including a copy of "Rendevous with Rama" and a 30-day free trial of Audible. "The World, The Flesh And The Devil" by J.d. Bernal: Visit the sub-reddit Visit our Website: Support us on Patreon: SFIA Merchandise available: Facebook Group Reddit: Twitter:on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: Episode's Narration-only version: Credits: Generation Ships 142, Season 4 Episode 27 Writers Isaac Arthur Editors A.T. Long Darius Said Evan Schultheis Jerry Guern Keith Blockus Mark Warburton Sigmund Kopperud Producer Isaac Arthur Cover Artist: Jakub Grygier Graphics Team: Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik Katie Byrne Kristijan Tavcar LegionTech Studios Sam McNamara Sergio Botero Narrator: Isaac Arthur Music: Markus Junnikkala, "Plotting a Course" Phase Shift, "Forest Night" Aerium, "The Islands moved while I was asleep" / @officialaerium Stellardrone, "Between the Rings" Denny Shneidemesser, "Constellations" Koalips, "Kvazar" Ayreon, "The Theory of Everything" / @arjenalucassen
Visit our sponsor, Brilliant:to get a 30-day free trial and 20% off their annual subscription.. Space is huge, immense beyond our wildest dreams. In order to explore and settle it, we’ll need to learn to dream a lot bigger and bolder than ever before. Join this channel to get access to perks: / @isaacarthursfia Visit our Website: Join Nebula: Support us on Patreon: Support us on Subscribestar: Facebook Group: Reddit: Twitter:on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: Credits: Interstellar Colonization Compendium Episode 455; July 11, 2024 Produced & Written: Isaac Arthur Narrated by: Isaac Arthur & Sarah Fowler Arthur Editor: Donagh Broderick Graphics: Apogii.uk Bryan Versteeg Fishy Tree Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik Katie Byrne Ken York YD Visual LegionTech Studios Mafic Studios Mark O'Bannon Rapid Thrash Sergio Botero Tactical Blob Udo Schroeter Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound Lombus, "Cosmic Soup" Markus Junnikkala, "A Memory Of Earth" Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars" Sergey Cheremisinov, "Sirius", "Labyrinth", "Seven Lights" Stellardrone, "In Time", "Eternity", "Red Giant", "The Divine Cosmos" Tara Harkavyi, "Alpha and..." 0:00:00 Intro 0:02:43 Table of Contents 0:04:27 Motivations 0:06:03 Exploration 0:07:43 Population Growth 0:13:12 Resources 0:14:53 Long Term Safety 0:16:20 Escape 0:19:30 Funding & Investment 0:26:32 Spaceship Drives 0:32:08 Ion Drive 0:33:49 Orion Drive 0:34:46 Fusion Drive 0:37:15 Black Hole Drive 0:38:53 Beaming Systems 0:43:09 Ship Types 0:45:26 Faster Than Light Ships 0:46:49 Micro-Jump Ships 0:49:49 Generation Ships 0:59:09 Sleeper Ships 1:05:17 Methuselah Ships 1:10:25 Gardener Ships 1:15:58 Von Neumann Probes 1:18:42 Seed Ships 1:22:18 Data Ships 1:24:29 Ship Shape & Collisions 1:27:22 Collector Ships 1:30:25 Planet Ships 1:32:09 Hybrid Ships 1:34:05 Colonization Strategies 1:35:25 Lowest Hanging Fruit 1:37:58 Percolation Theory 1:40:28 Backfilling Systems 1:42:05 Closest Available System 1:44:31 Crawlonizing 1:49:14 Gardener Chains & Cones 1:51:03 Automated Vanguard 1:54:12 Central Collection 1:55:29 FTL & Multiverse Strategies 1:57:53 Early Settlement 1:59:07 Planets vs Moons 2:00:44 Aurora Effect 2:03:03 Orbital Infrastructure 2:04:42 Getting Neighbors 2:07:16 Solar Economy 2:08:19 Sending Out New Arks 2:10:40 Sponsor 2:11:58 Schedule 2:12:56 Outro
My twitter: / dreksler_astral Trappist-1 is a system with seven planets, out of them three are in the habitable zone, but that does not mean they are habitable. Still i take a look at what would it be like to stand on them and i explore the topic a bit. Intro, outro and other clips in the video were made with Space Engine. Images are by NASA. Music: Huma Huma - Nevada City
Project Daedalus (named after Daedalus, the Greek mythological designer who crafted wings for human flight) was a study conducted between 1973 and 1978 by the British Interplanetary Society to design a plausible uncrewed interstellar probe. Intended mainly as a scientific probe, the design criteria specified that the spacecraft had to use existing or near-future technology and had to be able to reach its destination within a human lifetime. Alan Bond led a team of scientists and engineers who proposed using a fusion rocket to reach Barnard's Star 5.9 light years away. The trip was estimated to take 50 years, but the design was required to be flexible enough that it could be sent to any other target star. This work is based on "ISS" Sketch fab by E, licensed under CC-BY-4.0
The FUGIN project used the 45 meter Nobeyama radio telescope in Japan to produce the most detailed radio wave map yet of the Milky Way. Top: Three color (false color) radio map of the Milky Way (l=10-50 deg) obtained by the FUGIN Project. Red, green, and blue represent the radio intensities of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O, respectively. Second Line: Infrared image of the same region obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope. Red, green, and blue represent the intensities of 24?m, 8?m, and 5.8?m radio waves respectively. Top Zoom-In: Three color radio map of the Milky Way (l=12-22 deg) obtained by the FUGIN Project. The colors are the same as the top image. Lower-Left Zoom-In: Enlarged view of the W51 region. The colors are the same as the top image.Lower-Right Zoom-In: Enlarged view of the M17 region. The colors are the same as the top image. Image: NAOJ/NASA/JPL-Caltech
The Nobeyama 45m radio telescope at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory in Japan. Image:NAOJ
Starscape photograph taken at Nobeyama Radio Observatory by Norikazu Okabe. The FUGIN observation region (l=10-50 deg) is marked. Credit: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
An artist�s image showing the major features of the Milky Way galaxy. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech, ESO, J. Hurt
The Hubble Space Telescope took a new image of the Veil Nebula, a supernova remnant from a star that exploded 8,000 years ago, and made this truly spectacular flyover visualisation of the beautiful ripple in space that you can see below. In the 3D visualisation, red is sulphur, green is hydrogen and blue is oxygen.
9-year-animation of Barnard�s Star from 2007 to July 2015 as it tracked north through Ophiuchus at the rate of 10.3 arc seconds per year. Amateur Rick Johnson photographed it once each year to creater the movie. You can watch the same thing in your telescope if you�re patient! Credit: Rick Johnson
Animation of artist impression of red dwarf star TVLM 513-46546. ALMA observations suggest
that it has an amazingly powerful magnetic field, potentially associated with a flurry of solar-flare-like eruptions.
Credit: NRAO/AUI/NSF; Dana Berry / SkyWorks
Artist impression of red dwarf star TVLM 513-46546. ALMA observations suggest
that it has an amazingly powerful magnetic field, potentially associated with a flurry of solar-flare-like eruptions.
Credit: NRAO/AUI/NSF; Dana Berry / SkyWorks
For the first time, astronomers have seen dim flickers of visible light from near a black hole,
researchers with an international science team said. In fact, the light could be visible to anyone with a moderate-size telescope.
This illustration shows a cool star, called W1906+40, marked by a raging storm near one of its poles.
The storm is thought to be similar to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. Scientists discovered it
using NASA�s Kepler and Spitzer space telescopes.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech - See more
The Milky Way galaxy, perturbed by the tidal interaction with a dwarf galaxy, as predicted by N-body simulations. The locations of the observed stars above and below the disk, which are used to test the perturbation scenario, are indicated. Credit: T. Mueller/C. Laporte/NASA/JPL-Caletch
Artist�s impression of the Milky Way Galaxy. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC-Caltech)
Computer model of the Milky Way and its smaller neighbor, the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. Credit: Tollerud, Purcell and Bullock/UC Irvine
360-degree panorama view of the Milky Way (an assembled mosaic of photographs) by ESO. Credit: ESO/S. Brunier
The eRosita X-ray telescope has revealed its first all-sky survey, captured over six months by rotating continuously. The result? This map containing over one million objects across the hot, energetic universe. Within the Milky Way, eROSITA captured ancient white dwarves, supernova remnants, stars with hot, active coronae, neighboring galaxies like the Magellanic Clouds. Mara Salvato, the lead scientist at MPE said that they all eagerly await eROSITA'S complete, all-sky map. Previously, telescopes have measured the sky at other wavelengths and the new X-ray images can match those discoveries. Predehl describes the stunning images as a 'wealth of detail.'
Breathtaking new map of the X-ray Universe BERLIN, June 19, 2020: Behold the hot, energetic Universe. A German-Russian space telescope has just acquired a breakthrough map of the sky that traces the heavens in X-rays. The image records a lot of the violent action in the cosmos - instances where matter is being accelerated, heated and shredded. Feasting black holes, exploding stars, and searingly hot gas. The data comes from the eRosita instrument mounted on Spektr-RG . This orbiting telescope was launched in July last year and despatched to an observing position some 1.5 million km from Earth. Once commissioned and declared fully operational in December, it was left to slowly rotate and scan the depths of space. eRosita's first all-sky data-set, represented in the image at the top of this page, was completed only last week. It records over a million sources of X-rays.
Top left: simulation of Sgr A* at 86 GHz without interstellar scattering. Top right: simulation with interstellar scattering. Bottom right: observed image of Sgr A*. Bottom left: observed image of Sgr A* after removing the effects of interstellar scattering. Credit: S. Issaoun, M. Mo?cibrodzka, Radboud University/ M. D. Johnson, CfA
This artist�s concept shows a �feeding,� or active, supermassive black hole with a jet streaming outward at nearly the speed of light. Such active black holes are often found at the hearts of elliptical galaxies. If a jet happens to shine at Earth, the object is called a blazar. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
An artist�s impression of the accretion disc around the supermassive black hole that powers an active galaxy. Astronomers want to know if the energy radiated from our galaxy�s supermassive black hole is caused by jets of material shooting away from the hole, or by the accretion disk of swirling material near the hole. Credit: NASA/Dana Berry, SkyWorks Digital
The Global Millimeter VLBI Array, joined by ALMA. Credit: S. Issaoun, Radboud University/ D. Pesce, CfA
Researchers using the Event Horizon Telescope hope to generate images like this of supermassive black hole Sag. A�s event horizon. Image Credit: EHT.
A representation of how our Galaxy would look in the sky if we could see magnetic fields. The plane of the Galaxy runs horizontally through the middle, and the Galactic centre direction is the middle of the map. Red–pink colours show increasing Galactic magnetic field strengths where the direction is pointing towards the Earth. Blue–purple colours show increasing Galactic magnetic field strengths where the direction is pointing away from the Earth. The background shows the signal reconstructed using sources outside our Galaxy. The points show the current measurements for pulsars. The squares show the measurements from this work using LOFAR pulsar observations. Image Credit: Sobey et al, 2019.
Dr. Sobey chilling in a telescope. Image Credit: CSIRO
Artist’s impression of the 5km diameter central core of Square Kilometre Array (SKA) antennas. Image Credit: SPDO/TDP/DRAO/Swinburne Astronomy Productions – SKA Project Development Office and Swinburne Astronomy Productions
LOFAR sites are spread around Europe, with the concentrated central core in the Netherlands. Image Credit: LOFAR
An illustration of a pulsar. Pulsars emit electromagnetic energy along the magnetic axis. Image Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab
Every once in a while, the Milky Way ejects a star. The evicted star is typically ejected from the chaotic area at the center of the galaxy, where our Super Massive Black Hole (SMBH) lives. But at least one of them was ejected from the comparatively calm galactic disk, a discovery that has astronomers rethinking this whole star ejection phenomenon.
The structure of the Milky Way. Image Credit: ESA
A young star, similar to the renegade star PG 1610+062, gets ejected from the Milky Way by a hungry black hole. So long!(Image: © A. IRRGANG, FAU) Astronomers have discovered a bright, young star that is running away from home. Why? What did the star's parents do to deserve this? According to a study published Aug. 6 in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, it's nobody's fault; it seems the young star simply fell in with the wrong crowd — namely, a very hungry black hole.
Monica Valluri and Kohei Hattori tracked a hypervelocity star called LAMOST-HVS1, a hypervelocity star that is closer to the Sun any other. They used one of the Magellan telescopes to measure the star’s velocity and position. Then they joined with other colleagues and combined their data with data from the ESA’s Gaia mission to trace the hypervelocity’s trajectory back to its origin. They were surprised when the origin of the star was not the bulge, but the galactic disk.
Star clusters like the Trapezium cluster in Orion are embedded in gas and dust in the galactic disk and are very difficult to see. There may be a cluster similar to this in the Norma spiral arm, the origin of the hypervelocity star LAMOST-HVS1. Image Credit: By NASA/CXC/Penn State/E.Feigelson & K.Getman et al. Public Domain,
A rogue star is one that has escaped the gravitational pull of its home galaxy. These stars drift through intergalactic space, and so are sometimes called intergalactic stars. Sometimes, when a rogue star is ejected from its galaxy, it drags its binary pair along for the ride.
Supernovae are some of the most powerful events in the Universe. They’re extremely energetic, luminous explosions that can light up the sky. Astrophysicists have a pretty good idea how they work, and they’ve organized supernovae into two broad categories: they’re the end state for massive stars that explode near the end of their lives, or they’re white dwarfs that draw gas from a companion which triggers runaway fusion.
Our Sun, and any star with the same mass, will follow a common evolutionary path. Once it leaves the main sequence, after hydrogen burning is complete, it becomes a red giant, then a white dwarf. Image Credit : By Lithopsian – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
Artist’s rendition of a white dwarf from the surface of an orbiting exoplanet. Image Credit: Madden/Cornell University
Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: Support us at:Support us at: Follow us on Tumblr: More stories at Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: Instagram - Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer Susie Murph - @susiemmurph Brian Koberlein - @briankoberlein Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com Kevin Gill - @kevinmgill Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer Edited by: Chad Weber Music: Left Spine Down - “X-Ray”
An artist’s image of a white dwarf drawing material away from its companion. Image Credit: NASA
Supernova 1994D in Galaxy NGC 4526. Normally, a supernova explosion is visible for months. The afterglow is caused by abundant, radioactive Nickel. But SDSS J1240+6710 produced very little nickel. Image Credit: NASA/ESA, The Hubble Key Project Team and The High-Z Supernova Search Team
Artist illustration of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Chandra is the most sensitive X-ray telescope ever built. Credit: NASA/CXC/NGST
The Fornax Galaxy Cluster is one of the closest of such groupings beyond our Local Group of galaxies. This new VLT Survey Telescope image shows the central part of the cluster in great detail. At the lower-right is the elegant barred-spiral galaxy NGC 1365 and to the left the big elliptical NGC 1399. Acknowledgement: Aniello Grado and Luca Limatola – Image Credit: By ESO. CC BY 4.0,
An illustration showing a larger star “feeding” on a smaller star. As the larger star gains gaseous matter, it forms a rotating disk. Eventually that disk heats up to tens of millions of degrees and emits x-rays.
Artist's impression of the "Black Hole Ultimate Solar System".
Detection of an unusually bright X-Ray flare from Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way galaxy. Credit: NASA/CXC/Stanford/I. Zhuravleva et al.
We've found hundreds of exoplanets in the galaxy. But only a few of them have just the right combination of factors to hold life like Earth's. The weather in your hometown is downright uninhabitable. There�s scorching heatwaves, annual tyhpoonic deluges, and snow deep enough to bury a corn silo. The bad news is planet Earth is the only habitable place we know of in the entire Universe. Also, are the Niburians suffering from Niburian made climate change? Only Niburian Al Gore can answer that question. We as a species are interested in habitability for an assortment of reasons, political, financial, humanitarian and scientific. We want to understand how our own climate is changing. How we�ll live in the climate of the future and what we can do to stem the tide of what our carbon consumption causes. There could be agendas to push for cleaner energy sources, or driving politicians towards climate change denial to maintain nefarious financial gain. We also might need a new lilypad to jump to, assuming we can sort out the travel obstacles. The thing that interests me personally the most is, when can I see an alien? The habitable zone, also known as the �Goldilocks Zone�, is the region around a star where the average temperature on a planet allows for liquid water with which to make porridge. It�s that liquid water that we hunt for not only for our future uses, but as an indicator of where alien life could be in the Universe. Problems outside this range are pretty obvious. Too hot, it�s a perpetual steam bath, or it produces separate piles of hydrogen and oxygen. Then your oxygen combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide, and then hydrogen just buggers off into space. This is what happened with Venus. If the planet�s too cold, then bodies of water are solid skating rinks. There could be pockets of liquid water deep beneath the icy surface, but overall, they�re bad places to live. We�ve got this on Mars and the moons of Jupiter and Saturn. The habitable zone is a rough measurement. It�s a place where liquid water might exist. Unfortunately, it�s not just a simple equation of the distance to the star versus the amount of energy output. The atmosphere of the planet matters a lot. In fact, both Venus and Mars are considered to be within the Solar System�s habitable zone. Venusian atmosphere is so thick with carbon dioxide that it traps energy from the Sun and creates an inhospitable oven of heat that would quickboil any life faster than you can say �pass the garlic butter�. It�s the opposite on Mars. The thin atmosphere won�t trap any heat at all, so the planet is bun-chillingly cold. Upgrade the atmospheres of either planet and you could get worlds which would be perfectly reasonable to live on. Maybe if we could bash them together and we could spill the atmosphere of one onto the other? Tell Blackbolt to ring up Franklin Richards, I have an idea! When we look at other worlds in the Milky Way and wonder if they have life, it�s not enough to just check to see if they�re in the habitable zone. We need to know what shape their atmosphere is in. Astronomers have actually discovered planets located in the habitable zones around other stars, but from what we can tell, they�re probably not places you�d want to live. They�re all orbiting red dwarf stars. It doesn�t sound too bad to live in a red tinted landscape, provided it came with an Angelo Badalamenti soundtrack, red dwarf stars are extremely violent in their youth. They blast out enormous solar flares and coronal mass ejections. These would scour the surface of any planets caught orbiting them close enough for liquid water to be present. There is some hope. After a few hundred million years of high activity, these red dwarf stars settle down and sip away at their fuel reserves of hydrogen for potentially trillions of years. If life can hold on long enough to get through the early stages, it might have a long existence ahead of it. When you�re thinking about a new home among the stars, or trying to seek out new life in the Universe, look for planets in the habitable zone. As we�ve seen, it�s only a rough guideline. You probably want to check out the place first and make sure it�s truly liveable before you commit to a timeshare condo around Gliese 581. Category Science & Technology License Standard YouTube License
Illustration of tightly-packed orbits of Earth-mass planets in orbit around the Sun (in black) vs. around a supermassive black hole (green). Credit: Sean Raymond
Artist's impression of the spiral structure of the Milky Way with two major stellar arms and a bar. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESO/R. Hurt
An interactive version of this map is also available as part of Gaia Sky, a real-time, 3D astronomy visualization software that was developed for the Gaia mission at the University of Heidelberg�s Astronomisches Rechen-Institut.
Schematic diagram showing two stages of star formation in the Milky Way galaxy according to Noguchi. Credit: M. Noguchi/Nature/M. Haywood et al. (2016)/ reproduced with permission � ESO
Model prediction for three different regions of the Milky Way. Credit: M. Noguchi/Nature/M. Haywood et al. (2016)/reproduced with permission � ESO
The layout of the solar system, including the Oort Cloud, on a logarithmic scale. Credit:
Probing Oort clouds around Milky Way stars with CMB surveys (PDF)
Some comets orbit the Sun on a regular basis, but others come in from deep space, a region known as the Oort Cloud. What causes them to make this journey, and will we ever be able to explore the Oort Cloud? Sign up to my weekly email newsletter: Support us at:Support us at: : More stories at Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: Google+ - Instagram - Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com /Karla Thompson - @karlaii Chad Weber - Chloe Cain - Instagram: @chloegwen2001
The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is the afterglow of the Big Bang; one of the strongest lines of evidence we have that this event happened. UCLA's Dr. Ned Wright explains.
All-sky data obtained by the ESA�s Planck mission, showing the different wavelenghts. Credit: ESA
The relative sizes of the inner Solar System, Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud. (Credit: NASA, William Crochot)
Star density map, created from the second data release of ESA�s Gaia mission. Credit: Galaxy Map / K. Jardine
ESA�s Gaia is currently on a five-year mission to map the stars of the Milky Way. Credit: ESA/ATG medialab; background: ESO/S. Brunier.
Map of the Milky Way within 3000 parsec of Earth as created by Kevin Jardine. Credit: Galaxy Map/Kevin Jardine.
This animation uses 3D star and dust density meshes available in the latest version of Gaia Sky to animate a journey through the Milky Way. The animation also includes HII regions and covers a region within 3000 parsecs (about 10 thousand light years) from the Sun. (Twitter: @galaxy_map), Meshes produced by Galaxy Map The star density data is taken from Data Release 2 of the European Space Agency's Gaia astrometry satellite. The dust data is from: Lallement, R.; Capitanio, L.; Ruiz-Dern, L.; Danielski, C.; Babusiaux, C.; Vergely, J. L.; Elyajouri, M.; Arenou, F.; Leclerc, N. 3D maps of interstellar dust in the Local Arm: using Gaia, 2MASS and APOGEE-DR14 You can read more about the map in this blog post: This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC,...). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.
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In June of 2017, NASA’s Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) was installed aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The purpose of this instrument is to provide high-precision measurements of neutron stars and other super-dense objects that are on the verge of collapsing into black holes. NICER is also be the first instrument designed to test technology that will use pulsars as navigation beacons.
This image of the whole sky shows 22 months of X-ray data recorded by NASA’s Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) payload aboard the International Space Station during its nighttime slews between targets. Credits: NASA/NICER
The NICER payload, shown here on the outside of the International Space Station. Credit: NASA
the velocity and proper motion of celestial objects are measured to learn more about the formation and evolution of the cosmos. For the past eight and a half years, this space-based has been studying over two billion objects in the Universe. This includes stars in the Milky Way but also planets, comets, asteroids, and distant galaxies. This information obtained by this mission will be used to create the most-detailed 3D catalog of the Milky Way ever.
Artist’s impression of the Gaia Observatory observing the Milky Way Galaxy. Credit: ESA
Cover page of the Gaia data release 3 (DR3) media kit. Credit: ESA
It’s here! The third and largest data release (DR3) from the ESA’s Gaia Observatory has officially been made public. As promised, the DR3 contains new and improved details for almost two billion stars in our galaxy, including the chemical compositions, temperatures, colors, masses, ages, and the velocities at which stars move. The release coincided with a virtual press event hosted by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) on June 13th, which featured ESA officials and guest speakers who addressed the significance of the new data.
Since its launch in 2013 ESA’s Gaia observatory has been mapping our galaxy from Lagrange point 2, creating the most accurate and complete multi-dimensional map of the Milky Way. By now two full sets of data have been released, the first set in 2016 and a second one in 2018. These data releases contained stellar positions, distances, motions across the sky, and colour information, among others. Now on 13 June 2022 a third and new full data set will be released. This data release will contain even more and improved information about almost 2 billion stars, Solar System objects and extragalactic sources. It also includes radial velocities for 33 million stars, a five-time increase compared to data release 2. Another novelty in this data set is the largest catalogue yet of binary stars in the Milky Way, which is crucial to understand stellar evolution. Learn more: ★ Subscribe:and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: Follow us on Twitter: On Facebook: On Instagram: On Flickr: We are Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: #ESA #GaiaDR3 #GaiaMission
One of the surprising discoveries coming out of Gaia data release 3, is that Gaia is able to detect starquakes – tiny motions on the surface of a star – that change the shapes of stars, something the observatory was not originally built for. Previously, Gaia already found radial oscillations that cause stars to swell and shrink periodically, while keeping their spherical shape. But Gaia has now also spotted other vibrations that are more like large-scale tsunamis. These nonradial oscillations change the global shape of a star and are therefore harder to detect. Nonradial oscillation modes cause a star's surface to move while it rotates, as shown in the animation. Dark patches are slightly cooler than bright patches, giving rise to periodic changes in the brightness of the star. The frequency of the rotating and pulsating stars was increased 8.6 million times to shift them into the audible range of humans. Learn more: Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acknowledgement: Animation and sonification were created by: Dr. Joey Mombarg, KU Leuven, Belgium. Based on information from Gaia Data Release 3: Pulsations in main-sequence OBAF stars as observed by Gaia by the Gaia Collaboration, De Ridder et al., 2022, submitted to A&A. Van Reeth et al. 2015, ApJS 218, id.2, 32 pp. Mombarg et al. 2021, A&A 650, id.A58, 23 pp. ★ Subscribe:and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: Follow us on Twitter: On Facebook: On Instagram: On Flickr: We are Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: #ESA #GaiaDR3 #GaiaMission
What stars are made of can tell us about their birthplace and their journey afterwards, and therefore about the history of the Milky Way. With today’s data release, Gaia is bringing us a chemical map of the galaxy. Some stars contain more ‘heavy metals’ than others. During the Big Bang, only light elements were formed (hydrogen and helium). All other heavier elements – metals – are built inside stars. When stars die, they release these metals into the gas and dust between the stars called the interstellar medium, out of which new stars form. Active star formation and death will lead to an environment that is richer in metals. Therefore, a star’s chemical composition is a bit like its DNA, giving us crucial information about its origin. With Gaia, we see that some stars in our galaxy are made of primordial material, while others like our Sun are made of matter enriched by previous generations of stars. Stars closer to the centre and plane of our galaxy are richer in metals than stars at larger distances. Learn more: Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acknowledgements: Based on the paper by the Gaia Collaboration "Gaia Data Release 3: Chemical cartography of the Milky Way" Gaia Data Release 3 is published on June 13, 2022 Main Video/Data sets: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, Stefan Jordan, Toni Sagristà, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, Pedro Alonso Palicio, Patrick de Laverny, Paul McMillan. Narrator: Paul McMillan Video of focal plane: ESA RVS Spectrum animation: ESA/Gaia/DPAC/CU8-CU6, Alejandra Recio-Blanco and the GSPspec team. We wish to thank the Gaia Data Processing Centre at the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES; DPCC) for producing the high-quality spectroscopy and data analysis upon which this work rests. Music: "Canon" by Johann Pachelbel Interpreted by: Jean-Baptiste Bourrel & Alejandra Recio-Blanco Music recorded and mixed by Didier Farrugia Music's artistic advisor: Claude Galvez The main videos were created with Gaia Sky, developed by Toni Sagristà Gaia Sky can be downloaded from ★ Subscribe:and click twice on the bell button to receive our notifications. Check out our full video catalog: Follow us on Twitter: On Facebook: On Instagram: On Flickr: We are Europe's gateway to space. Our mission is to shape the development of Europe's space capability and ensure that investment in space continues to deliver benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world. Check out to get up to speed on everything space related. Copyright information about our videos is available here: #ESA #GaiaDR3 #GaiaMission
Good telescope that I've used to learn the basics: Get a Wonderful Person shirt: Alternatively, PayPal donations can be sent here: Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about an amazing galactic map that was recently created Links: Gaia sees strange stars in most detailed Milky Way survey to date Provided by Twitter Incredibly Accurate Map of Nearby 10 Parsec Around The Solar System (YOUTUBE) From Milky Way to Earth (Youtube) Gruze.org posters Kevin Jardine's Blog: Gruze.org Galaxy Maps -2020 Gruze.org Galaxy Maps 800 parsecs NEW IMAGES USING DATA FROM RETIRED TELESCOPES REVEAL HIDDEN FEATURES Gaia sees starquakes (youtube) A 3D View of Orion: I. Barnard’s Loop The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era Twitter: Facebook: Twitch: Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu The hardware used to record these videos: CPU: Video Card: Motherboard: RAM: PSU: Case: Microphone: Mixer: Recording and Editing: Some of the above are affiliate links, meaning I would get a (very small) percentage of the price paid. Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Special thanks also goes to all the wonderful supporters of the channel through YouTube Memberships Images/Videos: GRUZE.org Posters DR 3 Galaxy Map/Kevin Jardine Licenses used: Liceneses by 4.0 Liceneses by-sa 4.0 Liceneses by 3.0/A> Liceneses by-sa 3.0 Liceneses by 2.5 Liceneses by-sa 2.5 Liceneses by 2.0 Liceneses by-sa 2.0
Illustration of a black hole collision. Credit – Caltech-IPAC The thing with black holes is they’re hard to see. Typically we can only detect their presence when we can detect their gravitational pull. And if there are rogue black holes simply traveling throughout the galaxy and not tied to another luminous astronomical, it would be fiendishly hard to detect them. But now we have a new potential data set to do so.
FAA finally gave its approval to SpaceX for Starship launches from Boca Chica, Gaia released its third data drop, China stars continuous space presence, Perseverance finds another weird rock on Mars. 🚀 Discord Discussion Club 👽 Anton's video on Best Tourist Destination in Our Solar System 🚀 OUR WEBSITE: ════════════════════════════════════ 🚀 OUR WEBSITE: 🚀 PODCAST LINKS: ════════════════════════════════════ RSS: iTunes: Spotify 🚀 EMAIL NEWSLETTER: ════════════════════════════════════ Read by 50,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe Free: 🚀 OTHER PODCASTS: ════════════════════════════════════ Weekly Space Hangout: Weekly news roundup with Fraser, special guests, and other space journalists. RSS: iTunes: YouTube: Astronomy Cast: Award-winning, long-running deep dive into space and astronomy with Fraser and Dr. Pamela Gay. RSS: iTunes: YouTube: 🚀 JOIN OUR COMMUNITY: ════════════════════════════════════ Patreon: 🚀 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA: ════════════════════════════════════ Twitter: Twitter: Facebook: Instagram: Twitch: 🚀 CONTACT FRASER: ════════════════════════════════════ CONTACT FRASER: via Email: 🚀 LICENSE: ════════════════════════════════════ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) You are free to use my work for any purpose you like, just mention me as the source and link back to this video.
Dr. Martin Barstow is is a Professor of Astrophysics and Space Science at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Leicester and the former President of the Royal Astronomical Society. Dr. Barstow was part of the team who worked on the recent Gaia Data Release 3, which categorized almost 2 billion stars in the Milky Way. Dr. Martin Barstow is is a Professor of Astrophysics and Space Science at the Department of Physics and Astronomy webpage 🚀 OUR WEBSITE: ════════════════════════════════════ 🚀 OUR WEBSITE: 🚀 PODCAST LINKS: ════════════════════════════════════ RSS: iTunes: Spotify 🚀 EMAIL NEWSLETTER: ════════════════════════════════════ Read by 50,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads. Subscribe Free: 🚀 OTHER PODCASTS: ════════════════════════════════════ Weekly Space Hangout: Weekly news roundup with Fraser, special guests, and other space journalists. RSS: iTunes: YouTube: Astronomy Cast: Award-winning, long-running deep dive into space and astronomy with Fraser and Dr. Pamela Gay. RSS: iTunes: YouTube: 🚀 JOIN OUR COMMUNITY: ════════════════════════════════════ Patreon: 🚀 OTHER SOCIAL MEDIA: ════════════════════════════════════ Twitter: Twitter: Facebook: Instagram: Twitch: 🚀 CONTACT FRASER: ════════════════════════════════════ CONTACT FRASER: via Email: 🚀 LICENSE: ════════════════════════════════════ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) You are free to use my work for any purpose you like, just mention me as the source and link back to this video
James Webb Space Telescope image of partial dust shells surrounding WR 140. Credit: JWST/MIRI/Judy Schmidt.
This graphic shows the relative size of the Sun, upper left, compared to the two stars in the system known as Wolf-Rayet 140. The O-type star is roughly 30 times the mass of the Sun, while its companion is about 10 times the mass of the Sun. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Animation showing how the WR 140 binary produces dust at periastron. Credit: NASA, ESA, Joseph Olmsted/STScI.
The two stars in Wolf-Rayet 140 produce shells of dust every eight years that look like rings, as seen in this image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Each ring was created when the stars came close together and their stellar winds collided. Credit: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScl/JPL-Caltech
An image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope reveals a remarkable sight: at least 17 concentric dust rings emanating from a pair of stars located about 5,300 light-years from Earth. Each ring was created when the stars came close together and their colliding stellar winds (streams of gas they blow into space) caused some of the gas to compress into dust. Collectively known as Wolf-Rayet 140, the stars’ orbits bring them together about once every eight years, so just like the growth rings of a tree trunk, these dusty loops mark the passage of time: The 17 rings reveal more than a century of stellar interactions. And while other Wolf-Rayet stars produce dust, no other pair is known to produce rings quite like Wolf-Rayet 140. Because the stars’ orbits are elliptical rather than circular, the distance between the stars changes constantly, and dust forms only when they are close. The amount of dust produced by this interaction varies, so the system doesn’t form a perfect bullseye. One of the densest regions of dust production creates the bright feature repeating at 2 o’clock. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech For more information about the Webb telescope’s mission, visit:
Artist impression of an alien civilization. Image credit: CfA
This is the Golden Record attached to the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, in case it reaches an ETI someday. It contains natural sounds like wind and surf and animal sounds like whales and birds. It also contains spoken greetings in 55 languages. It’s possible that our first contact could be with an ancient probe sent millennia ago by an ETI a great distance away and that we would be seeing their ancient technology. Credit: NASA/JPL.
This is an artist’s concept of Voyager 1’s view of the Solar System. Voyager 1 is one of our first interstellar probes, though it’s an inadvertent one. What might an alien probe look like? How might it behave? We don’t know. Credit: NASA, ESA, and J. Zachary and S. Redfield (Wesleyan University); Artist’s Illustration Credit: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI).
China’s FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope) is the world’s largest radio telescope and became fully operational in January 2020. Since then, it has contributed to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Image: FAST
The United Nations headquarters in New York City. , Image Credit: By I, Padraic Ryan, CC BY-SA 3.0 (Wkimedia)
Like a shiny, round ornament ready to be placed in the perfect spot on a holiday tree, supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) gleams in a new image from the NASA/CSA/ESA James Webb Space Telescope. Image Credit: NASA/CSA/ESA
The JWST’s NIRCam high-resolution image of Cass. A reveals intricate detail that remains hidden from other telescopes. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Danny Milisavljevic (Purdue University), Ilse De Looze (UGent), Tea Temim (Princeton University)
This zoom-in video shows the relative location of supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) on the sky. It begins with a ground-based photo by the late astrophotographer Akira Fujii. As it zooms into smaller portions of the sky, it fades into an image from the Digital Sky Survey. It ends by crossfading into an image of Cas A from NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) on NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, with added borders from a NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope image. Credits: Video: Alyssa Pagan NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI Acknowledgment: Akira Fujii David Malin Digitized Sky Survey Space T
1 shows tiny knots of gas comprised of sulphur, oxygen, argon, and neon from the star itself. 2 shows what’s known as the Green Monster, a loop of green light in Cas A’s inner cavity, which is visible in the MIRI image of the SNR. Circular holes are outlined in white and purple and represent ionized gas. This is likely where debris from the explosions punched holes in the surrounding gas and ionized it. 3 shows a light echo, where light from the ancient explosion has warmed up dust which shines as it cools down. 4 shows an especially large and intricate light echo known as Baby Cas A. Baby Cas A is actually about 170 light-years beyond Cas A. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Danny Milisavljevic (Purdue University), Ilse De Looze (UGent), Tea Temim (Princeton University)
Seeing the NIRCam image (L) and the MIRI image (R) tells us about the SNR and the JWST. First of all, the NIRCam image is sharper because of its higher resolution. The NIRCam image also appears less colourful, but that’s because of the wavelengths of light being emitted that are more visible in Mid-Infrared. In the MIRI image, the outer ring is lit up more brightly than in the NIRCam image, while the MIRI image also shows the ‘Green Monster,’ the green inner ring that is invisible in the NIRCam image. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Danny Milisavljevic (Purdue University), Ilse De Looze (UGent), Tea Temim (Princeton University)
This X-ray image of the Cassiopeia A (Cas A) supernova remnant is the official first light image of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The bright object near the center may be the long-sought neutron star or black hole that remained after the explosion that produced Cas A. Image Credit: By NASA/CXC/SAO – Public Domain,(wkimedia)
This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image provides a detailed look at the tattered remains of Cassiopeia A (Cas A). It is the youngest known remnant from a supernova explosion in the Milky Way. Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration. Acknowledgement: Robert A. Fesen (Dartmouth College, USA) and James Long (ESA/Hubble)
This video tours Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) image of supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A). NIRCam’s high resolution detects tiny knots of gas leftover from the star’s explosion, as well as light echoes scattered across the field of view. Credits: Writers: Hannah Braun, Danielle Kirshenblat Video: Danielle Kirshenblat Science: Danny Milisavljevic, Ilse De Looze, Tea Temim Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI #space #astronomy #jwst #nasawebb #stsci #webb #CasA #CassiopeiaA #infrared #webbtelescope Transcript
This image shows the locations of the first three black holes discovered by ESA's Gaia mission in the Milky Way. Gaia Black Hole 1 (BH1) is located just 1560 light-years away from us in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus; Gaia BH2 is 3800 light-years away in the constellation Centaurus; Gaia BH3 is in the constellation Aquila, at a distance of 1926 light-years from Earth. In galactic terms, these black holes reside in our cosmic backyard. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC. Licence CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Astronomers have found the most massive stellar black hole in our galaxy, thanks to the wobbling motion it induces on a companion star. This artist’s impression shows the star’s orbits and the black hole, dubbed Gaia BH3, around their common centre of mass. The European Space Agency’s Gaia mission measured this wobbling over several years. Image Credit: ESO/L. Calçada
Artist’s impression of a Type II supernova explosion, which involves the destruction of a massive supergiant star. When stars explode as supernovae, they eject matter into space, potentially polluting nearby companion stars. Image Credit: ESO
Simulation of glowing gas around a spinning black hole. As the gas heats up, it emits energy that makes it visible. If the black hole has no nearby companion, it’s dormant and harder to find. Image Credit: Chris White, Princeton Universit
Information on Probing Oort clouds around Milky Way stars with CMB surveys (PDF)
Get a Wonderful Person Tee: Alternatively, PayPal donations can be sent here: Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a discovery of a strange line potentially created by an escaped supermassive black hole Links: Peter Cawdron's cool new book: Pieter van Dokkum The Conversation Why do black holes twinkle? We studied 5,000 star-eating behemoths to find out X-ray emission from a rapidly accreting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy at z = 6.56 Serendipitous detection of a rapidly accreting black hole in the early Universe Liquid Metal Experiment Mimics Accretion Disks Can we surf black holes gravitational waves? • Surfing Gravitati... Black hole too big to exist: • New Discoveries F... Final parsec problem: • Final Parsec Prob... #supermassiveblackhole #astronomy #blackhole 0:00 Peter Cawdron's New Book! The Tempest (First Contact) 1:35 Black hole traveling between galaxies 3:35 Strange XBONGs - x ray bright black holes 4:35 Discovery of a super bright quasar 7:00 Formation of stars through shock waves 8:05 Galaxy that this came from 5:55 Altetrnative explanations 9:50 Twinkling black holes and how they work Twitter: Facebook: Twitch: Bitcoins to spare? Donate them here to help this channel grow! 1GFiTKxWyEjAjZv4vsNtWTUmL53HgXBuvu The hardware used to record these videos: CPU: Video Card: Motherboard: RAM: PSU: Case: Microphone: Mixer: Recording and Editing: Some of the above are affiliate links, meaning I would get a (very small) percentage of the price paid. Thank you to all Patreon supporters of this channel Special thanks also goes to all the wonderful supporters of the channel through YouTube Memberships: Tybie Fitzhugh Viktor Óriás Les Heifner theGrga Steven Cincotta Mitchell McCowan Partially Engineered Humanoid Alexander Falk Drew Hart Arie Verhoeff Aaron Smyth Mike Davis Greg Testroet John Taylor EXcitedJoyousWorldly ! Christopher Ellard Gregory Shore maggie obrien Matt Showalter Tamara Franz R Schaefer diffuselogic Grundle Muffins Licenses used: Licenses by 4.0 Licenses by-sa 4.0 Licenses by 3.0 Licenses by-sa 3.0 Licenses by 2.5 Licenses by-sa 2.5 Licenses by 2.0 Licenses by-sa 2.0 Music in this video Learn more Listen ad-free with YouTube Premium Song After All Artist Geographer Album After All Licensed to YouTube by YouTube Audio Library, and 1 Music Rights Societies
